공존할 수 없는 물질(Incompatible Substances)

 

화학물질을 보관할 때 최소한 서로 공존할 수 없는 물질(Incompatible Substances)들이 같은 장소에 보관되지 않도록 관리하여야 한다.

 

 

공존할 수 없는 물질(Incompatible Substances)

 

보관함에 화학물질을 보관할 때 최소한 서로 공존할 수 없는 물질(Incompatible Substances)들이 같은 장소에 보관되지 않도록 관리하여야 한다.

일반적으로 강산화제는 유기물과 접촉 시 발연발화성이 높으므로 분리보관하고, 고체시약과 액체시약, 산과 염기, 유기산과 무기산이 분리될 수 있도록 조치하여야 한다.

 

Incompatibility Reference Table

다음 목록에는 실험실에서 일반적으로 사용되는 화학 물질에 대해 같이 보관하면 바람직하지 않은 물질에 대한 것을 나타내었다.

 

<표 1> Incompatibility Reference Table

Chemical Class or Chemical Name	Incompatible Chemicals
Alkaline and alkaline earth metals, such as Sodium, Potassium, Cesium, Lithium, Magnesium, Calcium	Carbon dioxide, Carbon tetrachloride and other chlorinated hydrocarbons, any free acid or halogen. Do not use water, foam or dry chemical on fires involving these metals.
Acetic acid	Chromic acid, Nitric acid, hydroxyl compounds, Ethylene glycol, Perchloric acid, peroxides, permanganates.
Acetic anhydride	Chromic acid, Nitric acid, hydroxyl-containing compounds, Ethylene glycol, Perchloric acid, peroxides and permanganates.
Acetone	Concentrated Nitric and Sulfuric acid mixtures.
Acetylene	Copper, Silver, Mercury and halogens, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine.
Alkali & alkaline earth metals (such as powdered Aluminum or Magnesium, Calcium, Lithium, Sodium, Potassium)	Water, Carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinated hydrocarbons, Carbon dioxide, and halogens.
Aluminum alkyls	Halogenated hydrocarbons, water.
Ammonia (anhydrous)	Silver, Mercury, Chlorine, Calcium hypochlorite, Iodine, Bromine, Hydrogen fluoride, Chlorine dioxide, Hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous).
Ammonium nitrate	Acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, nitrites, Sulfur, finely divided organics or combustibles.
Aniline	Nitric acid, Hydrogen peroxide.
Arsenical materials	Any reducing agent.
Azides	Acids.
Benzoyl peroxide	Chloroform, organic materials.
Bromine	Ammonia, Acetylene, Butadiene, Butane and other petroleum gases, Sodium carbide, Turpentine, Benzene and finely divided metals, Methane, Propane, Hydrogen.
Calcium carbide	Water (see also Acetylene).
Calcium hypochlorite	Methyl carbitol, Phenol, Glycerol, Nitromethane, Iron oxide, Ammonia, activated carbon.
Calcium oxide	Water.
Carbon, activated	Calcium hypochlorite, all oxidizing agents.
Carbon tetrachloride	Sodium.
Chlorates	Ammonium salts, acids, metal powders, Sulfur, finely divided organics or combustibles.
Chlorine	Ammonia, Acetylene, Butadiene, Butane, Propane, and other petroleum gases, Hydrogen, Sodium carbide, Turpentine, Benzene and finely divided metals, Methane.
Chlorine dioxide	Ammonia, Methane, Phosphine and Hydrogen sulfide.
Chlorosulfonic acid	Organic materials, water, powdered metals.
Chromic acid & Chromium trioxide	Acetic acid, Naphthalene, Camphor, Glycerin, Turpentine, alcohol and other flammable liquids, paper or cellulose.
Copper	Acetylene, Hydrogen peroxide, Ethylene oxide.
Cumene hydro peroxide	Acids, organic or mineral.
Cyanides	Acids.
Ethylene oxide	Acids, bases, Copper, Magnesium perchlorate.
Flammable liquids	Ammonium nitrate, Chromic acid, Hydrogen peroxide, Nitric acid, Sodium peroxide, halogens.
Fluorine	Almost all oxidizable substances.
Hydrocarbons (such as Bromine, Butane)	Fluorine, Chlorine, Chromic acid, Sodium peroxide.
Hydrocyanic acid	Nitric acid, alkalis.
Hydrofluoric acid (anhydrous)	Ammonia (aqueous or anhydrous).
Hydrogen peroxide	Copper, Chromium, Iron, most metals or their salts, any flammable liquid, combustible materials, Aniline, Nitromethane, alcohols, Acetone, organic materials, Aniline.
Hydrides	Water, air, Carbon dioxide, chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Hydrofluoric acid, anhydrous (Hydrogen fluoride)	Ammonia (anhydrous or aqueous), organic peroxides.
Hydrogen sulfide	Fuming Nitric acid, oxidizing gases.
Hydrocarbons (Benzene, Butane, Propane, Gasoline, Turpentine, etc.)	Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Chromic acid, Sodium peroxide, fuming Nitric acid.
Hydroxylamine	Barium oxide, Lead dioxide, Phosphorus pentachloride and trichloride, Zinc, Potassium dichromate.
Hypoch lorites	Acids, activated Carbon.
Iodine	Acetylene, Ammonia (anhydrous or aqueous), Hydrogen.
Maleic anhydride	Sodium hydroxide, Pyridine and other tertiary amines.
Mercury	Acetylene, Fulminic acid, Ammonia, Oxalic acid.
Nitrates	Acids, metal powders, flammable liquids, chlorates, sulfur, finely divided organics or combustibles, Sulfuric acid.
Nitric acid (concentrated)	Acetic acid, Aniline, Chromic acid, Hydrocyanic acid, Hydrogen sulfide, flammable liquids, flammable gases, nitratable substances, organic peroxides, chlorates, Copper, brass, any heavy metals.
Nitroparaffins	Inorganic bases, amines.
Oxygen	Oil, grease, Hydrogen, flammable liquids, solids, or gases.
Oxalic acid	Silver, mercury, organic peroxides.
Perchlorates	Acids.
Perchlo ric acid	Acetic anhydride, Bismuth and its alloys, alcohol, paper, wood, grease, oil, organic amines or antioxidants.
Peroxides, organic	Acids (organic or mineral); avoid friction, store cold.
Phosphorus (white)	Air, Oxygen, alkalis, reducing agents.
Phosphorus pentoxide	Propargyl alcohol.
Potassium	Carbon tetrachloride, Carbon dioxide, water.
Potassium chlorate	Acids, Sulfuric acid (see also chlorates).
Potassium perchlorate	Sulfuric & other acids (see also Perchloric acid, & chlorates).
Potassium permanganate	Glycerin, Ethylene glycol, Benzaldehyde, any free acid, Sulfuric acid.
Selenides	Reducing agents
Silver	Acetylene, Oxalic acid, Tartaric acid, Fulminic acid, ammonium compounds.
Sodium	Carbon tetrachloride, Carbon dioxide, water. See alkaline metals (above).
Sodium amide	Air, water.
Sodium nitrate	Ammonium nitrate and other ammonium salts.
Sodium oxide	Water, any free acid.
Sodium peroxide	Any oxidizable substance, such as Ethanol, Methanol, glacial Acetic acid, Acetic anhydride, Benzaldehyde, Carbon disulfide, Glycerine, Ethylene glycol, Ethyl acetate, Methyl acetate and Furfural.
Sulfides	Acids.
Sulfuric acid	Chlorates, perchlorates, permanganates, organic peroxides. Potassium chlorate, Potassium perchlorate, Potassium permanganate (similar compounds of light metals, such as Sodium, Lithium).
Tellurides
UDMH (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine)	Oxidizing agents such as Hydrogen peroxide and fuming Nitric acid.
Zirconium	Prohibit water, Carbon tetrachloride, foam and dry chemical on zirconium fires.

 

 

알파벳순으로 정리시 상호반응의 우려가 있는 경우

특히 시약 보관함 등에 알파벳순으로 화학물질을 정리시 상호반응의 우려가 있는 경우는 다음과 같다.

<표 2> 알파벳순으로 정리시 상호반응의 우려가 있는 경우

 

Incompatible Substances	“REACTIVITY” or “INCOMPATIBILITIES”
Acetic acid와 Acetaldehyde	미량의 아세트산은 많은 양의 열을 방출하면서 중합반응을 유발함
Acetic anhydride와 acetaldehyde	고농도의 경우 반응이 격렬하게 되면서 폭발 반응할 수 있음
Acaolen과 ammonia, aqueous	아크릴알데히드와 알칼리 또는 아인의 매우 격렬한 중합반응 발생
Aluminum metal과 aluminum nitrate	잠재적으로 폭발의 위험성이 있음
Aluminum metal과 Any bromate(또는 chlorate 또는 iodate)	열, 충격, 마찰, 빛에 의해 폭발
Aluminum chloride	장기간 저장된 후 용기를 개봉할때 폭발이 발생할 수 있음
Aluminum nitrate와 acetic acid	농축산인 경우, 혼합물은 화재의 위험성이 있음
Copper(II) sulfide와 Cadmium chlorate	접촉시 폭발함
Cupric sulfide와 Cadmium chlorate	접촉시 폭발함
Hydrogen peroxide와 feeeous sulfide	격렬한 반응, 발열반응
Lead anhydride와 mathanol	휘젓거나 흔들경우 폭발성 혼합물 생성
Maleic antrydnde와 magnesium hydroxide	잠재적으로 폭발적인 반응이 발생
Mercury nitrate와 mathanol	수은폭발을 형성하는 혼합물 생성
Niric acid와 nitrobenzene	니트로벤젠과 질산의 혼합은 폭발 위험성이 있음
Potassium cyanide와 potassium nitrite	열원이 있을 경우, 폭발성 화합물 생성됨
Silver와 tartaric acid	폭발성 혼합물 생성됨
Silver oxide와 sulfur	잠재적으로 폭발성 혼합물 생성됨
Sodium siver bromide, silver chlorat, silver fluoride, or allver iodide	충격에 민감한 구조로 변함
Sodium cyanide와 silfuric acid	독성인 시안화수소 생성